4.10 Entry and exit rates

Start-up rates are taken from the Global Enterprise Monitor (GEM), 2000.  GEM was created in 1997 as a joint research project initiative by Babson College and London Business School with support from the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.  This is a cross-national comparison of the role and impact of entrepreneurship in national economic growth.  Ten countries participated  in the 1999 exercise: the G7 plus Denmark, Finland and Israel.  GEM 2000 added 11 countries from across Europe, Asia and South America.  Data were assembled from three principal sources: population surveys; in depth interviews of national experts; and standardised national data.

Data on registration times and start up costs are taken from the European Commission document Benchmarking Enterprise Policy - First results from the Scoreboard.  These data were themselves taken from the Logotech study commissioned by the European Commission, International Comparison of the Formal Requirements and Administrative Procedures Required for the Formation of SME's of any legal status in EU and Other major countries, Logotech, 1997.

4.11 Fast growing firms

Data on the percentage of businesses which have doubled their sales growth in the past five years are taken from the Merrill Lynch study Benchmarking the New Economy: Europe in the Global Context, August 2000.

4.12 Attitudes to risk taking

Data on entrepreneurial attitudes are taken from the GEM 1999 full report.

3.7 Venture capital

The data on the amount and composition of venture capital comes from the European Private Equity and Venture Capital Association. 

• “Seed” venture capital is defined as: financing provided to research, assess and develop an initial concept before a business has reached the start-up phase.
• “Start-up” venture capital is defined as: the provision of finance to companies for use in product development and initial marketing.  Companies may be in the process of being set up or may have been in business for a short time, but have not yet sold their product commercially.  
• “Early stage” venture capital is defined as: the provision of financing to companies that have completed the product development stage and require further funds to initiate commercial manufacturing sales. They may not yet be generating profits.    
  

3.8 Parallel markets

Data on capitalisation and numbers of companies incorporated in parallel markets are taken from the International Federation of Stock Exchanges (FIBV).

The denominator used in 3.8.2 for the Euronext index, is the GDP for France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

3.9 Main equity markets

Data on stock market capitalisation taken from the International Federation of Stock Exchanges (FIBV).  The denominator used for the Euronext data is the combined GDP for France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/indicators/headline/assessment.htm

Last updated on 20 November 2003